This article relies on a Barry County record of a September 15, 2023 email thread reviewed by Clutch Justice. The email was sent to attorney Anastase Markou, Christopher J. Elsworth at a Barry County email address, and Julie Nakfoor Pratt at a Barry County email address. The underlying screenshot and record are on file with Clutch Justice.
This article does not assert that the email proves what Pratt or Elsworth read, believed, investigated, or disclosed internally after receipt. It asserts the narrower fact supported by the record: Fuller was raised to both of them in writing before the federal jury verdict in McCann v. Fuller.
Barry County records now put a hard date on notice. On September 15, 2023, at 5:03 PM, an email thread titled “BRYAN FULLER” was sent to Christopher J. Elsworth at celsworth@barrycounty.org and Julie Nakfoor Pratt at jpratt@barrycounty.org, with attorney Anastase Markou copied. The message pointed them to Fuller and directly accused Fuller of deliberately mishandling a Barry County defendant’s turn-in while saying Barry County officials kept protecting him. Four days later, on September 19, 2023, a federal jury awarded Ray McCann Jr. $14.5 million against Fuller for constitutional violations. Target 8 had already documented what those constitutional violations meant in human terms: a man separated from his family, seeing his newborn grandson through jail glass, beaten in prison, reduced from 170 pounds to 117 pounds, and left with depression, nightmares, and paranoia around police. Retaliatory charges came less than a month later. The issue is not whether Pratt or Elsworth liked the warning. The issue is why a prosecutor’s office that had been alerted to that history chose punishment over correction.
The September 15, 2023 email was sent to both Barry County Prosecutor Julie Nakfoor Pratt and then-Assistant Prosecutor Christopher J. Elsworth at Barry County email addresses.
The subject line was “BRYAN FULLER.” The visible record includes a link and language accusing Fuller of intentionally mishandling a turn-in connected to a Barry County criminal matter.
Fuller was not an unknown MSP officer drifting through Barry County. By June 3, 2022, he had already been named in Court of Claims litigation filed by Barry County Sheriff Dar Leaf and the Barry County Sheriff’s Office against MSP, the Michigan Attorney General, the Secretary of State, Fuller, David Geyer, and others.
The timing matters: the email was sent four days before the federal jury verdict against Fuller in McCann v. Fuller, and less than a month before retaliatory charges were brought.
By mid-2026, Barry County has spent nearly seven years with Fuller either under an active federal civil-rights lawsuit alleging fabricated evidence or under the shadow of a jury verdict and settlement confirming the wrongful-conviction liability. The county has zero excuse for treating Fuller as an ordinary detective.
The McCann record is not abstract impeachment material. Target 8 reported that McCann endured 20 interrogations, denied involvement 86 times, served 20 months, was attacked in prison, lost family stability and reputation, and continued living with depression, nightmares, and police-related paranoia after exoneration.
MSP’s current Procedure Manual 14-05, effective October 23, 2024, confirms the department’s own understanding that member misconduct affecting credibility, truthfulness, evidence handling, constitutional compliance, or witness reliability is potential Brady/Giglio information that must be made available to prosecutors.
The new record connects the Fuller disclosure problem to Clutch Justice’s prior reporting on Elsworth, Benjamin Norg, and the Kalamazoo County Prosecutor’s Office.
Once prosecutors knew Fuller was part of an active wrongful-conviction suit tied to fabricated evidence, their duty was not to bury the problem, excuse the office, or punish the person raising it. Their duty was to correct the record, preserve the evidence trail, and inform affected defendants.
The criminal line is not crossed by mere embarrassment, delay, or poor judgment. It is crossed if public officials knowingly use charging power, court process, or record control to suppress a known due-process problem or retaliate against a person for forcing that problem into the record.
The Email Barry County Cannot Unsend
The record reviewed by Clutch Justice shows an email thread dated September 15, 2023, at 5:03 PM. The subject line was “BRYAN FULLER.” The recipients included Anastase Markou, Christopher J. Elsworth, and Julie Nakfoor Pratt. Elsworth and Nakfoor Pratt were reached at their Barry County government email addresses.
The visible message opened with: “Well look at this, BRYAN FULLER!” It included a shortened link. A second visible message in the thread connects Fuller to a botched turn-in and accused Barry County officials of continuing to protect him. It also contained article text and screenshots.
The record does not prove that Elsworth or Nakfoor Pratt clicked the link, opened an internal review, or made a disclosure decision on any cases. It does prove that on September 15, 2023, Fuller was put in writing to both of them as a significant accountability issue tied to multiple Barry County criminal matters. Neither prosecutor brought Fuller forward as Giglio material in the affected case record. The attorney copied on the email likewise took no visible corrective action with the notice. The institutional result was not disclosure. It was silence.
This is not an article about mind-reading. It is an article about a timestamp, a subject line, two county email addresses, and what that timestamp does to the timeline Barry County can plausibly claim.
Why September 15 Matters
By September 15, 2023, McCann v. Fuller was not a hypothetical future credibility issue. Ray McCann Jr.’s federal civil rights lawsuit against MSP Sgt. Bryan Fuller had been pending since December 2019. The case alleged that Fuller fabricated evidence and violated McCann’s constitutional rights in the investigation that helped send an innocent man to prison.
The McCann exoneration was not obscure local gossip. The Detroit News covered McCann’s exoneration from the perjury conviction in January 2018, years before the federal verdict. That matters because The Detroit News is part of the statewide press ecosystem visible to Barry County officials and court watchers. The point is not that any specific official can be proven to have read that article. The point is that McCann’s exoneration and the police conduct behind it were public before Fuller later appeared in Barry County matters.
WOOD TV8’s Target 8 had also publicly covered McCann’s civil-rights case before the verdict, including reporting that the exonerated man in the Jodi Parrack case was seeking $12 million from the cold-case detective and later reporting on the depression, paranoia, and personal fallout McCann described after his wrongful conviction. In other words, Fuller was not an obscure name buried in a sealed file. His role in a wrongful-conviction case was public, searchable, and serious before the jury ever returned its verdict.
The human cost was catastrophic. Target 8 reported that McCann said the wrongful conviction broke up his family, destroyed his reputation, caused continuing depression and nightmares, and left him paranoid at the sight of police cars. He testified that police arrested him while he was driving to see his newborn grandson for the first time. He met that baby through jail glass. He served 20 months in jail and prison. He was threatened on the prison bus. During his first week in state prison, inmates pulled him from his bunk and struck him in the head with a padlock. He dropped from 170 pounds to 117 pounds while incarcerated. The verdict number matters. But the number is not the story. The story is the hell Fuller and the McCann investigative team put an innocent man through, and the public institutions that treated that hell as a disclosure inconvenience instead of a warning siren.
McCann was not merely “wrongfully convicted” in the abstract. He was turned into a murder suspect, interrogated again and again, lied to about DNA evidence, charged with perjury, separated from his family, incarcerated, physically attacked, financially compensated with only $40,000 before the federal case, and left carrying the mental-health aftermath. Any prosecutor who learns that a detective connected to that record is involved in a local case has a duty to treat the information as urgent Brady/Giglio material, not as a public-relations problem.
Four days after the Barry County email, on September 19, 2023, a federal jury awarded McCann $14.5 million against Fuller, including punitive damages. Michigan State Police later settled with McCann for $11 million on October 17, 2023.
That means the September 15 email landed during the final stage of a federal civil rights case that would publicly confirm Fuller as one of Michigan’s most serious police credibility problems. It also landed after Fuller had already touched Barry County casework that Clutch Justice has been documenting for months.
By mid-2026, the timeline is even worse. McCann v. Fuller was filed in December 2019. That means Barry County has spent nearly seven years with Fuller either under active federal civil-rights litigation for alleged fabricated evidence and constitutional violations, or under the public consequence of a federal jury verdict and state settlement arising from that wrongful-conviction record. For a county prosecutor, a judge, and a court system using or reviewing Fuller-touched cases, there is no credible “we did not know this mattered” defense left.
Fuller, Criger, and the Perjury Trap
The Fuller problem also cannot be isolated from Shane Criger. Prior Clutch Justice reporting has already documented the connection: Prison Legal News reported that Fuller and Det. Shane Criger worked together in the McCann investigation, including in the process that produced McCann’s sworn statement before the perjury charge. Public reporting also places Criger as the person who brought Fuller into the McCann investigation. The federal docket in McCann v. Fuller identifies Criger among the defendants.
That matters because the McCann case was not simply a bad hunch. It became a machine. McCann was first cast as the monster, then interrogated through lies, then pushed into sworn-statement terrain, then charged with perjury when the murder theory could not be proved. While McCann sat in prison, the actual killer, Daniel Furlong, confessed to the murder and sexual assault. The institutional posture was not truth-seeking. It was target-building.
This is the record Barry County was alerted to: a detective network connected to fabricated evidence, a perjury trap, a wrongful conviction, a beaten and traumatized innocent man, and a federal civil-rights case days away from a $14.5 million verdict. A prosecutor’s office with remorse audits the cases. A prosecutor’s office protecting itself retaliates.
Tap each point to see why the September 15 email changes the institutional timeline.
McCann Files the Federal Case
McCann v. Fuller was filed in the Western District of Michigan. The case placed Fuller’s alleged fabrication of evidence and constitutional violations into active federal litigation.
Fuller Is Raised to Barry County in Writing
The email thread titled “BRYAN FULLER” was sent to Elsworth and Nakfoor Pratt at Barry County email addresses. The message accused Fuller of mishandling a turn-in and accused county actors of protecting him.
The Jury Awards $14.5 Million
A federal jury awarded Ray McCann Jr. $14.5 million against Fuller. The credibility issue that had already been pending became a public verdict.
MSP Settles for $11 Million
Michigan State Police settled with McCann for $11 million. For any case involving Fuller’s evidence, reports, texts, or investigative decisions, the disclosure question did not get smaller. It got louder.
Notice Changes the Disclosure Question
Prosecutors are not required to agree with every complaint that lands in their inbox. They are required to take seriously information that may affect the credibility of a lead investigator, the integrity of evidence, or the fairness of a criminal proceeding.
That is why this new record matters. The Fuller issue was not merely sitting somewhere in a federal docket. It was not simply available to someone willing to run a PACER search. It was not discovered years later with the benefit of hindsight. Fuller was put in front of Barry County’s elected prosecutor and a long-serving Barry County APA in writing days before the federal verdict.
The operative question now is not, “Could Barry County have known?” The operative question is, “What did Barry County do after Fuller was put in writing to the prosecutor’s office?”
Every Barry County case touched by Fuller now deserves a case-by-case review. That review should ask whether Fuller collected evidence, arranged a turn-in, communicated with a complainant, shaped probable cause, made representations to prosecutors, or created records the defense relied on. It should also ask whether his federal civil rights exposure was ever disclosed to the defense.
MSP’s Own Brady/Giglio Policy Confirms the Category
Michigan State Police now has a written procedure that says the quiet part in official language. MSP Procedure Manual 14-05, “Disclosure of Potential Impeachment Information Related to Member Misconduct,” effective October 23, 2024, establishes department procedures for disclosing potential Brady information related to member conduct to prosecutors. It expressly recognizes that Brady/Giglio obligations include information that may impeach government witnesses, including police officers, and that MSP and its members are part of the prosecution team with a constitutional duty to make material case information, including Brady information, available to prosecuting officials.
The policy’s listed misconduct categories map directly onto the Fuller problem. Potential Brady information includes final department determinations involving intentional false statements, misstated facts in reports or forms, omitted material facts, perjury or judicial findings of intentional false or misleading court statements, material work-related false statements to supervisors, untruthfulness during Internal Affairs, mishandled evidence, intentional failures to follow forensic protocols, intentional failures to secure or document evidence, intentional destruction of department records material to a criminal matter, intentional violations of search, seizure, or arrest law, and any other member conduct that could reasonably affect credibility or reliability as a witness.
The catch-all matters: MSP’s current policy treats conduct that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect a member’s credibility or reliability as potential impeachment information. A federal civil-rights case alleging fabricated evidence against an MSP detective, followed by a $14.5 million verdict for constitutional violations, is not background noise under that framework. It is exactly the kind of credibility and reliability information prosecutors need before they use that detective’s work to charge, pressure, plead, sentence, or defend a criminal case.
The date has to be handled precisely. Procedure Manual 14-05 is effective October 23, 2024, after the Barry County investigation at issue, the plea, sentencing, the Fuller verdict, and resentencing. This article does not claim MSP violated this specific written procedure in 2022 or 2023 without first obtaining older versions. The point is narrower and still powerful: MSP’s current written policy confirms the department’s own understanding that police misconduct affecting honesty, evidence integrity, constitutional compliance, and witness reliability is Brady/Giglio material that must be made available to prosecutors.
MSP’s current policy also creates a direct member-level disclosure question. As of October 23, 2024, an MSP member found responsible for disclosable misconduct must disclose that misconduct to the prosecutor before testifying in a criminal matter, and must notify the attorney handling the case when testifying outside the member’s assigned area or for the Attorney General or U.S. Attorney. That makes the Fuller and Criger question concrete: after this policy took effect, did Bryan Fuller or Shane Criger disclose any disclosable misconduct, impeachment exposure, or credibility/reliability issue before testifying or participating in criminal matters? The public record reviewed by Clutch Justice does not answer that question.
That makes the unanswered institutional question unavoidable. Did MSP ever notify Barry County, the Prosecuting Attorneys Coordinating Council, the Michigan Attorney General, or any prosecutor that Bryan Fuller carried potential Brady/Giglio impeachment material? If MSP did notify them, Barry County’s nondisclosure problem gets worse. If MSP did not, MSP’s failure-to-notify problem gets worse. Either way, the policy confirms that Fuller-touched cases require review.
The State Knew at Multiple Levels
The Fuller impeachment issue was known within the State of Michigan. MSP employed Fuller. The Michigan Attorney General’s Office defended Fuller. Barry County prosecuted cases using Fuller without disclosing the federal civil-rights exposure in the affected case record. Once Rita Williams gave written notice directly to Barry County on September 15, 2023, any remaining claim of ignorance collapsed.
The Attorney General angle makes the “who should have notified whom” question unavoidable. Because the Michigan Attorney General’s Office defended MSP Sgt. Bryan Fuller in active federal civil-rights litigation alleging fabrication of evidence, the State had actual institutional knowledge of Fuller’s potential impeachment exposure. Barry County’s later written notice only made the failure to disclose more direct. The issue is no longer whether Fuller’s misconduct was discoverable. The issue is why the State’s own knowledge did not result in Giglio disclosure, case review, or correction of the record.
A separate June 3, 2022 Court of Claims complaint adds another notice brick. Barry County Sheriff Dar Leaf and the Barry County Sheriff’s Office sued Dana Nessel, Jocelyn Benson, MSP, MSP Trooper/Sgt. Bryan Fuller, MSP Detective Sgt. David Geyer, and others. Fuller was named in both his official and individual capacity. This article does not rely on that lawsuit to prove the truth of the election-investigation allegations, and it does not treat the Dar Leaf dispute as the point. The point is narrower: public court records placed Fuller directly inside a Barry County governmental conflict months before the plea, sentencing, and post-conviction issues documented here.
By June 2022, Fuller was already a named litigation actor in a Barry County Sheriff lawsuit involving MSP and state officials. During that same general period, Fuller was also involved in the Barry County criminal matter documented here and was already the defendant in McCann v. Fuller, which the Attorney General’s Office was defending. Fuller was not unknown to Barry County. He was known, active, litigated, and later placed in writing directly to the prosecutors.
Either MSP and the Attorney General had a mechanism to alert prosecutors and failed, or Barry County was alerted and failed to act. Neither version is clean. Barry County cannot shrink this down to “Rita found something online.” The State knew at multiple levels.
In the Barry County Case at Issue, Fuller Was Not Background
The documented record in the Barry County case at issue makes Fuller central, not incidental. Fuller was working directly with the complaining company from the beginning of the case in May 2022. Text-message records then show that attorneys repeatedly identified Fuller as the detective connected to the matter, reported that Fuller confirmed the case was at the prosecutor’s office for review, and later confirmed after the arrest that “Fuller is the lead detective.”
The same records document a planned turn-in arrangement that was not collateral to the case. It was part of the case-management record involving Fuller, the defense, and Barry County timing. The defendant asked about timing after the arrangement was made. Additional text records with Fuller show discussion of the defendant turning himself in, the expected timing in Barry County, and Fuller saying he would get with the court to find the best time for “in and out.”
Then the arrangement failed. MSP came to the defendant’s home and arrested him in front of his family. The defendant reported that the troopers said there was no turn-in arrangement and that Fuller was no longer on the case. The defense attorney’s response was direct: Fuller “had no idea,” was “in shock,” and said he had updated the records. The attorney also told the defendant the arrest was “unprofessional and incredibly mismanaged,” that it should not have happened because there was an assigned turn-in date and time, and that MSP likely violated its own policy and procedures.
This is the difference between abstract impeachment material and case-specific prejudice. Fuller was not merely a detective with a credibility problem somewhere else. He was the lead detective connected to the turn-in failure in this Barry County case, and that failure affected the defendant’s arrest, family trauma, bond posture, record, plea pressure, sentencing context, and later post-conviction issues.
That is why the disclosure problem is so serious. If a prosecutor knows the lead detective in a case is also the subject of an active wrongful-conviction and fabricated-evidence lawsuit, and that same detective is documented in the case’s botched turn-in record, the office cannot treat Fuller as background noise. Fuller becomes Brady/Giglio material tied directly to the defendant’s case.
Michigan Comparators Show Why Lead-Detective Credibility Matters
Michigan has already seen what happens when an officer’s credibility problem is treated as peripheral even though the officer was central to the case. The closest comparator is Kelley v. Burton, the Oakland County case involving Detective Mark Ferguson. Kelley argued that the State failed to disclose credibility and misconduct evidence about Ferguson, the officer in charge. The Brady/Giglio issue mattered because Ferguson was not a minor witness. He was the lead detective and coordinator of important parts of the investigation.
That is the conceptual match to Fuller. The withheld or undisclosed misconduct evidence is not peripheral when the officer is not peripheral. A lead investigator can become the credibility bridge between the evidence, the charging decision, the prosecution theory, and the defense’s ability to evaluate the case. If that bridge is compromised, the problem cannot be isolated to one witness box or one line of testimony.
The point is not that every case involving a compromised officer automatically collapses. The point is that lead-investigator impeachment evidence can undermine confidence in the investigation as a whole. In the Barry County case at issue, Fuller was not just nearby. He worked with the complaining company from the beginning, was repeatedly referenced by attorneys, was connected to the prosecutor review, was involved in turn-in coordination, and was later identified as the lead detective.
The broader Oakland County fallout from Ferguson is also instructive. After Ferguson’s misconduct became known, prosecutors reviewed roughly 100 pending drug cases involving him and dismissed cases where he was central to the investigation. That is the kind of institutional review Barry County and MSP should have initiated once Fuller’s fabrication litigation, the written notice, the verdict, and the settlement became known.
The same principle appears in other Michigan wrongful-conviction and misconduct cases. In the LaVone Hill matter, Wayne County later acknowledged that testimony from Detroit Sgt. Walter Bates tainted the conviction once Bates’s serious misconduct came to light. In the Darell Chancellor and Darrell Richmond cases, convictions were vacated after fraudulent search-warrant affidavits and compromised narcotics-officer misconduct surfaced. Dwayne Provience is another Michigan Brady example involving police and prosecution knowledge of exculpatory information that was not disclosed.
The governing rule is not exotic. In People v. Chenault, the Michigan Supreme Court recognized that Brady material includes impeachment evidence, that the State is responsible for evidence within its control, and that Michigan does not require a defendant to satisfy a defense “due diligence” hurdle before raising a Brady violation. PAAM’s own Brady/Giglio guidance likewise instructs prosecutors to disclose Brady/Giglio material even without a defense request, to identify potential impeachment evidence about witnesses, and to err against the backdrop of ensuring a fair trial.
Barry County cannot credibly reduce Fuller to a side issue. The Michigan comparator record points the other way: when the compromised officer is the lead detective, the credibility problem can infect the investigation, the charging decision, the plea posture, sentencing, and post-conviction review.
The Judicial Proximity Question
The judge question has to be framed with precision. The fact that Fuller and Judge Michael Schipper lived minutes from each other does not, by itself, prove bias, friendship, communication, or misconduct. But geography is not the whole concern. Fuller and Schipper also spent years operating inside the same small Barry County legal community, where MSP, prosecutors, defense attorneys, probation, and the court repeatedly intersect in the same courthouse ecosystem. A public Hastings Banner post from January 9, 2020 identified Fuller as Detective Sgt. Bryan Fuller of the Michigan State Police detachment in Hastings in connection with an armed-robbery investigation. MiCOURT records for State of Michigan v. Jacob Braddum, Case No. 2020-0000000193-FH, show the resulting 5th Circuit Court case was assigned to Judge Michael Schipper, with a plea hearing on March 25, 2020, and sentencing on June 17, 2020.
Public reporting from May 22, 2020 also identified MSP Detective Sgt. Bryan Fuller speaking about a multi-county storage-facility burglary investigation involving multiple Barry County locations, including Hastings, Middleville, Dowling, and Delton. MiCOURT records for State of Michigan v. Eric Morgan, Case No. 2020-0000000482-FH, show another 5th Circuit Court case arising from that storage-facility investigation assigned to Judge Schipper. That docket does not prove that defense counsel identified a Fuller problem. But the sequence is notable: a demand for discovery, exhibit list, and witness list were filed on August 11, 2020, followed by nolle prosequi dismissal on August 19, 2020, under a related plea file. In hindsight, given Fuller’s later constitutional-liability verdict, that docket should be reviewed for what discovery contained, what Fuller’s role was, and whether any defense attorney, prosecutor, or court actor had reason to question the integrity of the investigation. None of that proves personal bias. It does document that Fuller had a repeated public footprint in Barry County criminal investigations and that Fuller and Schipper were operating in the same small Barry County criminal-court ecosystem before the later case at issue.
That matters because Fuller was not a random outside witness. He was the lead detective connected to the botched turn-in record in a Barry County case, and his credibility was tied to an active wrongful-conviction and fabricated-evidence lawsuit. In a small legal community, a judge presiding over a case involving that detective should disclose any personal, professional, or informal familiarity that could reasonably cause a defendant or the public to question neutrality.
The issue is not “they lived near each other, so the judge was biased.” The issue is whether a judge who worked for years in the same small legal community as the lead detective, and who presided over a case affected by that detective’s conduct, had any relationship, familiarity, communication, or local knowledge that should have been disclosed once Fuller became a documented constitutional-liability problem.
That question becomes sharper when the court record is viewed alongside the prosecutor record. Because the prosecutor’s office had written notice of Fuller, Fuller was documented in the defendant’s turn-in failure, and the judge was operating in the same close legal community, the public is entitled to know whether anyone in the court system treated Fuller’s role as a disclosure issue before plea, sentencing, resentencing, appeal, or post-conviction proceedings moved forward.
Schipper Had Due Process Duties Too
A judge’s obligation is not identical to the prosecutor’s Brady/Giglio duty. The prosecutor has the constitutional duty to disclose favorable and impeachment evidence, and People v. Chenault makes clear that Brady covers favorable evidence suppressed by the government without requiring the defense to prove it could not have found the evidence through diligence. A judge does not personally become the prosecutor’s discovery officer.
But once a judge is on notice that a case may involve undisclosed Giglio material about a lead investigator, the judge’s role changes. The court has to protect the fairness, integrity, and reviewability of the proceeding. That can mean ordering disclosure, allowing discovery, holding an evidentiary hearing, conducting in camera review if privilege or confidentiality is claimed, appointing counsel, appointing a special prosecutor if the prosecutor’s office is conflicted, or granting relief if nondisclosure undermined confidence in the result.
Michigan’s criminal discovery rule, MCR 6.201, gives trial courts authority over mandatory discovery and additional discovery on good cause. That matters here because the Fuller issue is not a vague complaint about a witness. It goes to whether the lead detective’s impeachment material was known, whether prosecutors disclosed it, whether the defense could litigate it, whether the plea and sentencing record were reliable, and whether post-conviction review was meaningful.
For Judge Michael Schipper, the problem is larger than an ordinary discovery dispute because the allegations place him near the factual record too. Clutch Justice has documented concerns involving the plea-hearing record, alleged chambers discussions, selective recusal from Rita Williams’ case while retaining Ryan’s, and later handling of post-conviction issues. If the motion turns on who knew what, when they knew it, what was disclosed, what was concealed, and why the record was not corrected, the judge cannot simply deny factual development on paper while the implicated prosecutor’s office controls the response.
A judge placed on notice that the prosecutor’s office may have suppressed lead-investigator impeachment evidence and failed to correct the record cannot allow that same office to control the response while also personally adjudicating factual disputes in which the judge may be a material witness. The obligation in plain English is this: preserve due process, do not adjudicate your own conduct, and do not let conflicted actors police themselves.
MCR 2.003 requires judicial disqualification not only for actual bias, but also when impartiality might reasonably be questioned, including circumstances that create a serious risk of actual bias under objective and reasonable perceptions. Michigan judicial ethics guidance also recognizes that a judge should raise disqualification when the judge has cause to believe grounds may exist, and Michigan’s disqualification procedure allows either the judge or a party to raise the issue.
Once Schipper was on notice that Fuller had undisclosed Giglio material, that Barry County had written notice, that the Attorney General defended Fuller, that the prosecution may have failed to correct the record, and that Schipper himself may be a witness to disputed plea facts, the responsible judicial move was not to bury it. It was to step back from any issue touching his own conduct, appoint counsel where needed, remove the conflicted prosecutor from controlling the response, preserve the record, and send the factual disputes to a neutral evidentiary process.
This is another due-process failure in Judge Schipper’s courtroom: a small-county case where everyone knows everyone’s business, the lead detective carried a public constitutional-liability problem, the prosecutor’s office had written notice, and the court still did not create a clean, neutral process to find out what happened.
Correction Was the Duty. Retaliation Was the Tell.
A prosecutor who learns that a detective on a case is simultaneously part of a wrongful-conviction suit has a responsibility that runs in several directions at once. The office must protect the defendant’s right to a fair process. It must protect the court from a misleading record. It must protect the public from convictions built on undisclosed police credibility problems. And it must protect its own files from becoming a mechanism for hiding state misconduct.
That responsibility does not depend on whether the prosecutor likes the person raising the alarm. It does not disappear because the warning arrives in an angry email. It does not become optional because the detective is MSP, because the case is politically inconvenient, or because disclosure would make a prosecution harder to defend.
Once Fuller was put in writing to Nakfoor Pratt and Elsworth, the responsible path was obvious: stop, audit, preserve, disclose, and notify. If Fuller touched the case, defendants and defense counsel needed to know that the detective was facing a federal civil rights suit alleging fabricated evidence. After the verdict, they needed to know that a jury had found against him and awarded $14.5 million. After the settlement, they needed to know that the state paid $11 million to resolve it.
That duty becomes sharper because, according to Nakfoor Pratt’s own statements, Elsworth was responsible for charging decisions in the office at that time. If that is accurate, then Fuller-touched cases did not merely pass through MSP. They passed through the charging-approval function of an assistant prosecutor who had been alerted in writing that Fuller was tied to a wrongful-conviction case and, days later, a federal verdict for constitutional violations. Every Fuller-touched charging decision after that notice required disclosure analysis, not silence.
And the knowledge chain did not begin with a private citizen’s research. MSP had the detective. The Attorney General defended him. Barry County used him. Then Barry County received direct written notice. This was state knowledge moving through state institutions, and the record still did not get corrected.
Remorse would have looked like a file review. Remorse would have looked like notice to defense counsel. Remorse would have looked like a written Brady/Giglio analysis, preservation letters, and a public commitment to identify anyone whose case Fuller touched. Remorse would have looked like saying Ray McCann’s life mattered enough that the same pattern would not be allowed to move through Barry County unchecked.
The office could have treated the September 15 email as a trigger for review. It could have notified defense counsel. It could have corrected any record that depended on Fuller. It could have disclosed the risk before any plea, sentencing, appeal, or post-conviction proceeding moved forward. Nakfoor Pratt and Elsworth did not do that. They did not bring Fuller up as a known credibility problem in the affected case record. Instead, less than a month later, the response was retaliatory prosecution. That is why the timing matters.
Retaliation does not cure a disclosure problem. It compounds it. When the person raising a police-credibility warning is met with charges instead of a transparent review, the institutional message is not “we investigated this.” The message is “we punished the person who forced the issue into writing.” That is the choice now documented here: Fuller was raised, the McCann harm was public, Criger’s connection to the McCann investigation was part of the broader credibility record, Fuller was not corrected into the affected case record, and the people with prosecutorial power chose punishment over repair.
Barry County has had nearly three years since the Fuller issue was first raised in the case record, almost three years since the September 15, 2023 written notice, and nearly seven years since McCann v. Fuller made Fuller’s alleged fabrication record an active federal civil-rights issue. It could have reviewed Fuller-touched cases. It could have notified defendants. It could have corrected the record. It could have acknowledged the harm. It could have said, plainly, that what happened to Ray McCann was intolerable and that no Barry County defendant would be forced to litigate blind around the same detective. It chose not to. Instead, the documented response was retaliation.
Where the Conduct Became Criminal
The criminal line is not simply that Barry County mishandled a Brady/Giglio issue. A prosecutor can be wrong, careless, defensive, or slow without every error becoming a crime. The line changes when the facts show knowledge, official power, and corrupt purpose moving together: public officials are on notice of a due-process problem, have a legal duty to preserve and disclose it, and then allegedly use the machinery of prosecution to keep the problem buried or punish the person who forced it into writing.
Michigan law gives that conduct several possible criminal frames. MCL 750.478 makes willful neglect of a legal duty by a public officer or person holding public trust a misdemeanor when no more specific punishment applies. MCL 750.122 criminalizes intimidation, interference, obstruction, and certain retaliation connected to witnesses and official proceedings. And MCL 750.505 preserves indictable common-law offenses not otherwise punished by statute, which is where Michigan’s common-law misconduct-in-office doctrine matters. In People v. Coutu, the Michigan Supreme Court described misconduct in office as corrupt behavior by an officer in the exercise of official duties or while acting under color of office.
If Nakfoor Pratt, Elsworth, or any court actor merely failed to appreciate the Fuller issue, the public record shows a serious due-process failure. If they knew Fuller was Brady/Giglio material, knew the affected case record was incomplete, and then used charges, silence, denials, delay, or court control to protect the office and punish the person raising the warning, the conduct is no longer just a disclosure dispute. It becomes alleged abuse of public office: official power used for a corrupt purpose under color of law.
That is why the September 15, 2023 email matters so much. Before that notice, an official might try to claim Fuller was hidden in a federal docket or floating somewhere outside the local case file. After that notice, the problem was in the prosecutor’s inbox. After the September 19 verdict and October 17 settlement, the problem was even louder. At that point, every later charging, plea, sentencing, resentencing, appellate, and post-conviction decision touched by Fuller had to be handled as a disclosure and conflict issue.
The alleged criminality sits in the response. Did officials preserve the records, notify the defense, correct the court, and screen conflicted actors? Or did they keep Fuller’s credibility problem out of the case record while using prosecution pressure against the person who documented it? The first path is lawful correction. The second path is the alleged crime: willful neglect, obstruction of truthful information in an official proceeding, and misconduct in office by public officials acting under color of their authority.
If any of these triggers are present, the case needs disclosure and integrity review.
Was Fuller Involved?
Review the police reports, texts, probable-cause packet, evidence records, and witness communications. If Fuller touched the case, the next question is what role his work played in charging, plea negotiations, sentencing, or post-conviction proceedings.
Was the Case Active During McCann?
If the investigation, plea, sentencing, resentencing, appeal, or post-conviction litigation overlapped with the active McCann v. Fuller federal case, the credibility issue was live while the criminal case was moving.
Was Barry County on Written Notice?
The September 15, 2023 email adds a direct notice point. Cases active after that date require a sharper review of what the prosecutor’s office knew, what it preserved, and what it communicated to defense counsel.
Was Fuller Disclosed?
The final question is simple: did the defense receive notice that the lead or involved detective was a defendant in an active civil rights suit alleging fabrication of evidence, later resulting in a $14.5 million verdict? If the answer is no, the issue is not clerical. It is constitutional.
The Elsworth Problem Did Not Stay in Barry County
Clutch Justice previously reported that Christopher J. Elsworth and Benjamin M. Norg are now both working under Kalamazoo County Prosecutor Jeffrey Getting. Both had personal knowledge of a Barry County plea-agreement dispute. Both are connected to records that have still not been produced. Elsworth denied the existence of plea communications on the Barry County court record in December 2023, despite multiple actors with direct knowledge confirming those communications exist.
The Fuller notice record adds a second lane to the same institutional question. Elsworth was not only an APA involved in the plea-agreement record. He was also one of the Barry County recipients of a September 15, 2023 written notice about Bryan Fuller, four days before the federal verdict against Fuller.
Elsworth was not a new lawyer passing through Barry County. Clutch Justice has previously documented that he had 19 years of criminal prosecution experience in Barry County before moving to Kalamazoo County’s Family Court division in January 2025. That matters because Fuller was not an unfamiliar outside officer to that local system. Fuller served at the Hastings MSP Post, the post serving Barry County, and Barry County prosecutors working criminal cases with Hastings Post detectives over years of practice had every reason to know the detectives whose investigations they presented in court.
The record does not require mind-reading to create a serious credibility question. Elsworth had long-term Barry County prosecutorial experience, worked inside the same small criminal-court ecosystem as Fuller, was identified by Nakfoor Pratt as responsible for charging decisions, and received direct written notice about Fuller four days before the federal verdict. If he charged or defended Fuller-touched cases without disclosure, the question is whether he failed to know what an experienced Barry County prosecutor should have known, or knew enough and proceeded while Fuller’s history remained outside the defense record. Neither answer is acceptable.
If Elsworth was the office actor responsible for charging decisions, as Nakfoor Pratt has stated, then the Fuller notice record is not merely informational. It is operational. It means the person approving charges had direct written notice that a detective working Barry County matters was tied to an active wrongful-conviction suit and then to a $14.5 million constitutional-liability verdict. That is exactly the kind of information that should trigger review before charges, pleas, sentencing, appeals, or post-conviction proceedings move forward.
That matters in Kalamazoo because prosecutor credibility does not reset when an attorney changes counties. If a prosecutor has a documented history tied to undisclosed plea communications and a separate written-notice record tied to a lead detective with a fabrication verdict, that is relevant to the public’s understanding of the cases that prosecutor handles now.
Nakfoor Pratt Owns the Barry County Mess
Julie Nakfoor Pratt is not a bystander to this record. She was the elected Barry County Prosecutor. The September 15, 2023 Fuller notice went to her county email address. If Elsworth was handling charging decisions under her authority, that does not distance her from the problem. It places the problem inside the office she was responsible for supervising.
An elected prosecutor’s duty is not simply to win cases or defend the office after misconduct is exposed. The duty is to seek justice, protect due process, disclose material impeachment evidence, correct false or incomplete records, supervise assistant prosecutors, prevent retaliation, and make sure the court is not relying on a misleading factual record. Once Fuller was put in writing to Nakfoor Pratt and Elsworth, the office’s job was to preserve, review, disclose, and notify. It was not to punish the person who forced the issue into the record.
Nakfoor Pratt cannot reduce this to an MSP problem, an Elsworth problem, or a private citizen’s internet research. Her office had direct written notice. Her office had the charging authority. Her office controlled whether defense counsel, the court, and affected defendants were told. Her office also controlled whether the response would be correction or retaliation. That makes this a prosecutorial-supervision failure, not just a detective-disclosure failure.
The clean response from a prosecutor in Nakfoor Pratt’s position would have been immediate conflict screening, written Brady/Giglio analysis, notice to defense counsel, preservation of all communications and records, review of every Fuller-touched case, and referral to a neutral authority for any matter in which the Barry County Prosecutor’s Office itself was implicated. The opposite approach, silence followed by retaliation, is what makes the office’s responsibility so serious.
Jeffrey Getting Has a Responsibility Now
Kalamazoo County Prosecutor Jeffrey Getting did not create the Barry County record. But once attorneys connected to that record are working under his authority, he owns the Kalamazoo response to what is now known. Prosecutor credibility does not reset at the county line, and supervisory responsibility does not disappear because the misconduct trail began somewhere else.
Getting’s responsibility is to determine whether Elsworth’s Barry County record creates disclosure, conflict, supervision, or case-assignment concerns in Kalamazoo County. That includes Elsworth’s December 2023 denial of plea communications on the Barry County court record, his receipt of the September 15, 2023 Fuller notice, his alleged role in charging decisions, and his connection to unresolved records that still have not been produced. It also includes Benjamin Norg’s personal knowledge of the disputed plea-agreement record and his role in the defense file.
Getting should not wait for a scandal to mature inside his own courthouse. The responsible move is to preserve relevant records, review Elsworth’s and Norg’s Barry County involvement, screen them from matters where their credibility or prior conduct could become an issue, determine whether any Kalamazoo cases require disclosure, and explain what supervisory review occurred before attorneys carrying this record were allowed to handle cases involving children, families, pleas, charging decisions, or state power.
This is the Kalamazoo question now: did Getting’s office knowingly absorb Barry County’s unresolved due-process problems without review, or did it conduct a meaningful conflict and integrity analysis? If no review occurred, then Kalamazoo has not merely hired attorneys from another county. It has imported an accountability problem and placed it inside a new prosecutor’s office.
This is the pathway the new record creates.
What Needs to Happen Now
All records in Clutch Justice’s possession regarding Bryan Fuller and the Barry County issues documented in this article were turned over to the Barry County Board of Commissioners on June 29, 2026. Clutch Justice hopes and prays the Board does the right thing: preserve the records, pursue independent review, and move toward a Conviction Integrity Unit capable of identifying and correcting wrongful convictions and undisclosed law-enforcement credibility issues.
Clutch Justice has also contacted Michigan State Police Internal Affairs / Professional Standards to request a brand new investigation into the Fuller record, including the McCann v. Fuller verdict and settlement, Fuller’s Barry County case involvement, the botched turn-in issue, any Brady/Giglio disclosure notices involving Fuller, and whether MSP notified Barry County, the Michigan Attorney General, PACC, or any other prosecuting authority that Fuller carried potential impeachment information. The request asks MSP to preserve records and answer the basic fork this article identifies: if MSP notified prosecutors, Barry County’s nondisclosure problem gets worse; if MSP did not notify prosecutors, MSP’s failure-to-notify problem gets worse.
Barry County should identify every case in which Fuller participated from December 2019 forward, including investigations, turn-ins, evidence handling, witness contacts, probable-cause submissions, and post-conviction proceedings. The review should not be limited to cases where Fuller was the named lead detective. Any meaningful investigative involvement matters.
For each case, the county should determine whether the defense was told about McCann v. Fuller, the September 19, 2023 verdict, the October 17, 2023 settlement, and any known internal or external complaints concerning Fuller’s conduct. Where no disclosure was made, defense counsel and affected defendants should be notified now.
That notification cannot be limited to pending cases. Defendants who pleaded, were sentenced, abandoned appeals, or accepted probation terms without knowing the detective’s active wrongful-conviction exposure were deprived of information that could have changed litigation strategy, plea posture, sentencing advocacy, or post-conviction review. The office’s obligation was not only to avoid future harm. It was to correct the harm already built into the record.
The first honest institutional response is remorse. Not branding. Not defensive silence. Not a threat. Not another charge. Remorse, followed by repair. Barry County cannot claim to care about public safety while treating a documented wrongful-conviction detective as a manageable embarrassment and treating the people who raise the alarm as the real problem.
The question Barry County now has to answer is brutal and simple: how many families were destroyed because Julie Nakfoor Pratt and Christopher J. Elsworth refused to do their jobs?
Kalamazoo County should answer a separate question: whether its prosecutor’s office has reviewed Elsworth’s Barry County record, including his December 2023 denial of plea communications and this September 15, 2023 Fuller notice record, before allowing him to continue handling matters involving children, families, records, and state power.
This is not merely a Bryan Fuller story. It is a notice story. It is a disclosure story. It is an institutional memory story. Barry County cannot now say Fuller was a distant MSP problem no one had reason to scrutinize. By September 15, 2023, Fuller had been put directly in front of the prosecutor’s office in writing.
Sources and Records Reviewed
Barry County RecordEmail thread titled “BRYAN FULLER,” dated September 15, 2023, 5:03 PM, sent to Anastase Markou, Christopher J. Elsworth, and Julie Nakfoor Pratt. Screenshot and Barry County record on file with Clutch Justice.
Local RecordStatements by Julie Nakfoor Pratt reviewed by Clutch Justice identifying Christopher J. Elsworth as responsible for charging decisions in the Barry County Prosecutor’s Office during the relevant period.
Case ExhibitCase records and text-message records documenting Fuller’s direct work with the complaining company beginning in May 2022, attorney references to Fuller throughout the matter, the turn-in arrangement, the home arrest, and counsel’s statements that Fuller was the lead detective and that the arrest was mismanaged.
Case ExhibitText-message records with Detective Bryan Fuller regarding the planned Barry County turn-in, timing, court coordination, and record updates.
Public RecordScreenshot of public Hastings Banner post dated January 9, 2020, identifying Detective Sgt. Bryan Fuller as being with the Michigan State Police detachment in Hastings in connection with the Jacob Braddum armed-robbery investigation. Screenshot on file with Clutch Justice.
Court RecordMiCOURT Case Search, State of Michigan v. Jacob Wilhelm Braddum, Case No. 2020-0000000193-FH, 5th Circuit Court – Hastings; Judge of Record Michael L. Schipper; plea hearing March 25, 2020; sentencing June 17, 2020.
Public ReportingWKZO AM/FM, “MSP: Battle Creek couple arrested for storage facility burglaries,” May 22, 2020, reporting Detective Sgt. Bryan Fuller speaking about a multi-county investigation involving Barry County storage-facility locations including Hastings, Middleville, Dowling, and Delton.
Court RecordBarry County Sheriff Dar Leaf et al. v. Dana Nessel et al., Michigan Court of Claims complaint received June 3, 2022, naming MSP Trooper/Sgt. Bryan Fuller in official and individual capacity in litigation involving the Barry County Sheriff’s Office, MSP, the Michigan Attorney General, the Michigan Secretary of State, and others. wehco.media.clients.ellingtoncms.com/news/documents/2022/07/24/20220603_Cmplnt.pdf
Court RecordMiCOURT Case Search, State of Michigan v. Eric James Morgan, Case No. 2020-0000000482-FH, 5th Circuit Court – Hastings; Judge of Record Michael L. Schipper; demand for discovery, exhibit list, and witness list filed August 11, 2020; charges dismissed by nolle prosequi on August 19, 2020, per plea in related file No. 20-345-FH.
MSP ComplaintMarch 26, 2023 email to MSP Internal Affairs requesting a fresh investigation of the botched MSP turn-in involving Detective Bryan Fuller.
MSP IA UpdateJune 30, 2026 communication from Clutch Justice to Michigan State Police Internal Affairs / Professional Standards requesting a brand new investigation into the Fuller record, Brady/Giglio disclosure notice questions, the Barry County turn-in issue, and preservation of related records.
MSP PolicyMichigan State Police, Procedure Manual 14-05, “Disclosure of Potential Impeachment Information Related to Member Misconduct,” effective October 23, 2024, including prosecutor-notice procedures and direct member disclosure obligations before testimony. Public PowerDMS document reviewed by Clutch Justice. public.powerdms.com/MSP1917/documents/2399342
Federal CaseMcCann v. Fuller, Case No. 1:19-cv-01032, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan; jury verdict entered September 19, 2023; settlement reported October 17, 2023.
Federal DocketMcCann v. Fuller, Case No. 1:19-cv-01032, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan, filed December 2019; docket materials reviewed by Clutch Justice identify Shane Criger among the defendants.
Legal NewsDavid M. Reutter, “$11 Million Settlement for Exonerated Michigan Prisoner,” Prison Legal News, August 2024, reporting on Ray McCann, MSP Sgt. Bryan Fuller, Det. Shane Criger, the McCann investigation, the federal verdict, and the settlement. prisonlegalnews.org/news/2024/aug/15/11-million-settlement-exonerated-michigan-prisoner/
Legal ComparatorKelley v. Burton, federal habeas litigation involving undisclosed credibility/misconduct evidence concerning Oakland County Detective Mark Ferguson, officer in charge.
Legal AuthorityPeople v. Chenault, 495 Mich. 142 (2014), Michigan Supreme Court authority addressing Brady material, impeachment evidence, state responsibility for evidence within government control, and Michigan’s rejection of a defense due-diligence prerequisite.
Court RuleMichigan Court Rule 6.201, criminal discovery rule governing mandatory discovery and additional discovery on good cause.
Court RuleMichigan Court Rule 2.003, judicial disqualification rule addressing actual bias, appearance of impartiality concerns, and serious risk of actual bias under objective and reasonable perceptions.
Criminal StatuteMCL 750.478, willful neglect of duty by a public officer or person holding public trust or employment. legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-478
Criminal StatuteMCL 750.122, prohibited acts involving witnesses, threat or intimidation, interference, obstruction, retaliation, and official proceedings. legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-122
Criminal StatuteMCL 750.505, punishment for indictable common-law offenses where no state statute expressly provides the punishment. legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-505
Legal AuthorityPeople v. Coutu, 459 Mich. 348 (1999), Michigan Supreme Court authority describing common-law misconduct in office as corrupt behavior by an officer in the exercise of official duties or under color of office.
Professional RuleMichigan Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 3.8, addressing special responsibilities of a prosecutor.
Professional RuleMichigan Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 5.1, addressing responsibilities of partners, managers, and supervisory lawyers.
GuidanceProsecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan Brady/Giglio guidance and best-practices materials addressing timely disclosure, impeachment evidence, and disclosure even without a defense request.
Ethics GuidanceMichigan judicial ethics and disqualification guidance reviewed by Clutch Justice regarding a judge’s responsibility to raise disqualification when grounds may exist and the ability of either the judge or a party to raise disqualification.
Comparator RecordMichigan wrongful-conviction and police-misconduct comparators reviewed by Clutch Justice, including the LaVone Hill/Walter Bates matter, Darell Chancellor and Darrell Richmond narcotics-officer misconduct cases, and Dwayne Provience Brady litigation.
Public ReportingThe Detroit News, coverage of Ray McCann’s exoneration from the perjury conviction, January 3, 2018. detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2018/01/03/michigan-mccann-exonerated-perjury-conviction/109137958/
Public ReportingWOOD TV8 Target 8, “Exonerated man in Jodi Parrack case seeks $12 million from cold case detective.” woodtv.com/news/target-8/exonerated-man-in-jodi-parrack-case-seeks-12-million-from-cold-case-detective/
Public ReportingWOOD TV8 Target 8, “Exonerated man: Depression, paranoia after wrongful conviction.” woodtv.com/news/target-8/exonerated-man-depression-paranoia-after-wrongful-conviction/
Prior CoverageRita Williams, “The Detective Who Was Found Guilty of Violating Someone’s Constitutional Rights. He Was Still Working Cases.” Clutch Justice, June 24, 2026. clutchjustice.com/2026/06/24/bryan-fuller-michigan-state-police-wrongful-conviction/
Prior CoverageRita Williams, “Two Attorneys With Personal Knowledge of a Barry County Plea Agreement Are Now Working Under the Same Kalamazoo County Prosecutor. Neither Is Talking.” Clutch Justice, June 20, 2026, updated June 25, 2026. clutchjustice.com/2026/06/20/barry-county-elsworth-norg-kalamazoo/
Prior CoverageClutch Justice prior Fuller coverage documenting Christopher J. Elsworth’s 19 years of criminal prosecution experience in Barry County before his January 2025 move to Kalamazoo County’s Family Court division, and documenting Fuller’s Barry County/Hastings MSP Post context.
Bluebook: Williams, Rita. Barry County Prosecutors Were Alerted of MSP Bryan Fuller Four Days Before the Wrongful Conviction Verdict, Clutch Justice (June 29, 2026), https://clutchjustice.com/2026/06/29/barry-county-pratt-elsworth-fuller-written-notice/.
APA 7: Williams, R. (2026, June 29). Barry County prosecutors were alerted of MSP Bryan Fuller four days before the wrongful conviction verdict. Clutch Justice. https://clutchjustice.com/2026/06/29/barry-county-pratt-elsworth-fuller-written-notice/
MLA 9: Williams, Rita. “Barry County Prosecutors Were Alerted of MSP Bryan Fuller Four Days Before the Wrongful Conviction Verdict.” Clutch Justice, 29 June 2026, clutchjustice.com/2026/06/29/barry-county-pratt-elsworth-fuller-written-notice/.
Chicago: Williams, Rita. “Barry County Prosecutors Were Alerted of MSP Bryan Fuller Four Days Before the Wrongful Conviction Verdict.” Clutch Justice, June 29, 2026. https://clutchjustice.com/2026/06/29/barry-county-pratt-elsworth-fuller-written-notice/.
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