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joe cullen

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Constitutional systems are not defined solely by power. They are defined by restraint. Authority exists within limits, and those limits matter most when they are inconvenient.

When executive power begins to disregard legal boundaries, when enforcement agencies operate with diminished accountability, and when courts defer rather than constrain, the system does not merely bend. It changes character.

That truth is uncomfortable. It disrupts a story we rely on to stay unaccountable. Calling the system “broken” allows us to believe that harm is incidental, that outcomes are the result of neglect, oversight, or malfunction. It lets us talk about fixes without confronting foundations.

2025 is ending with a justice system altered in ways we have not seen in more than a decade. Some of those changes move us toward fairness, accountability and real public safety. Others drag the nation backward into the failed punishment-first playbook that has never delivered safety, only overcrowded jails, destabilized communities and political theater.